INFORMATION KIT: Health

Top 10 Multiple Sclerosis Drugs.

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              <img alt="Top 10 Multiple Sclerosis Drugs" src="http://www.genengnews.com/media/images/AnalysisAndInsight/Feb18_2014_22962790_YoungManHelpsManInWheelchair_Top10MSDrugs8417620131.jpg" /><br />
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Following is a list of 10 FDA-approved drugs for patients with multiple sclerosis—nine of 10 disease-modifying agents authorized by the agency, plus a drug whose indication is specific to MS patients—ranked by their 2013 sales, as reported by the companies that market them. Drugs are listed by name, sponsor(s), dosage information, mechanism of action, indication, and sales data.<br />
Last year’s best-selling MS drug, Copaxone, will have the challenge in 2014 of sustaining its U.S. sales in the face of competition from several generic versions of glatiramer. Awaiting FDA approval at deadline to sell generic glatiramer once the first patents expire in May are Novartis and partner Momenta Pharmaceuticals, as well as Natco Pharma and partner Mylan. Both teams have prevailed against Teva in patent litigation.<br />
Last month Teva highlighted a study it commissioned and funded, showing differences in gene expression linked to key therapeutic effects between Copaxone and Natco’s glatiramer. Teva insists it acted more from patient safety that from a desire to protect a lucrative drug franchise that has accounted for 20% of total sales and about half of total earnings. Teva also hopes to beat back the generic challengers with a new dosage that won FDA approval last month. The new dosage allows patients to take 40 mg three times weekly, rather than the current regimen of 20 mg daily. The company has said it plans to convert 57% of current Copaxone patients to the new dosage.<br />
As well as Copaxone has performed for Teva, Biogen Idec generated more in sales from MS drugs last year, with three of its own products and a fourth product partnered (with Acorda Therapeutics) in the top 10, accounting for a combined $5.563 billion in sales. Next most prominent on the list is Novartis, with two drugs combining for just over $2 billion, followed by three pharma giants and two biotechs, each with $1 billion or less in sales.</div>
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#10. Extavia (interferon beta-1b)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Novartis<br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> Recommended dose is 0.25 mg injected subcutaneously every other day. Generally, start at .0625 mg (0.25 mL) subcutaneously every other day, and increase over a six week period to 0.25 mg (1 mL) every other day<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Unknown<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Relapsing forms of MS to reduce the frequency of clinical exacerbations<br />
<strong>2013 sales:</strong> <strong>$159 million</strong></div>
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#9. Aubagio (teriflunomide)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Genzyme (Sanofi)<br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> 7 mg and 14 mg tablets, once-daily, with or without food<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Relapsing forms of MS<br />
<strong>2013 sales:</strong> About <strong>$226 million</strong> (€166 million)<sup>1</sup></div>
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#8. Ampyra (dalfampridine) / Fampyra</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Acorda Therapeutics and Biogen Idec<br />
<strong>Dosage form and strength:</strong> 10 mg tablets<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Potassium channel blocker<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Improve walking in patients with MS<br />
<strong>2013 sales: $302.301 million</strong><sup>2</sup></div>
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#7. Rebif (interferon beta-1a)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> EMD Serono and Pfizer<br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> 22 mcg and 44 mcg by injection three times per week. Rebif should be administered, if possible, at the same time (preferably late afternoon or evening) on the same three days, at least 48 hours apart each week. Generally, patients should be started at 20% of the prescribed dose three times per week and increased over a four-week period to the targeted dose, either 22 or 44 mcg three times per week<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Unknown<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Relapsing forms of MS, to decrease the frequency of clinical exacerbations and delay the accumulation of physical disability.<br />
<strong>2013 Sales:</strong> About <strong>$622 million</strong> (€460 million) through September 30, 2013<sup>3,4</sup></div>
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#6. Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Biogen Idec<br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> Starting dose: 120 mg twice a day, orally, for seven days, followed by maintenance dose after seven days: 240 mg twice a day, orally. Capsules must be swallowed whole and intact. Tecfidera can be taken with or without food.<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Unknown<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Relapsing forms of MS<br />
<strong>2013 Sales: $876 million</strong><br />
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#5. Betaseron (Betaferon; Interferon beta-1b)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Bayer HealthCare<br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> Recommended dose is 0.25 mg via injection every other day. Generally, patients are advised to start at 0.0625 mg (0.25 mL) via injection every other day, and increase over a six-week period to 0.25 mg (1 mL) every other day<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Unknown<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Relapsing forms of MS, to reduce the frequency of clinical exacerbations<br />
<strong>2013 sales:</strong> <strong>$1.05 billion</strong> (€779 million) as of September 30, 2013<sup>5</sup></div>
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#4. Tysabri (natalizumab)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Biogen Idec<sup>6</sup><br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> 300 mg infused intravenously over approximately one hour, every four weeks<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Binds to the α4-subunit of α4β1 and α4β7 integrins expressed on the surface of all leukocytes except neutrophils, and inhibits the α4-mediated adhesion of leukocytes to their counter-receptor(s).<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Adults with relapsing forms of MS<br />
<strong>2013 sales: $1.67 billion</strong><sup>7</sup></div>
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#3. Gilenya (fingolimod)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Novartis<br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> Recommended dose: 0.5 mg orally once daily, with or without food<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Metabolized into Fingolimod-phosphate, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator that binds with high affinity to sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1, 3, 4, and 5. Fingolimod-phosphate blocks the capacity of lymphocytes to egress from lymph nodes, reducing the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The mechanism of action on MS is unknown but may involve reduction of lymphocyte migration into the central nervous system.<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Relapsing forms of MS, to reduce the frequency of clinical exacerbations and to delay the accumulation of physical disability<br />
<strong>2013 sales: $1.9 billion</strong></div>
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#2. Avonex (interferon beta-1a)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Biogen Idec<br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> 30 micrograms once a week is recommended. To reduce the incidence and severity of flu-like symptoms that may occur when initiating Avonex therapy at a dose of 30 micrograms, Avonex may be started at a dose of 7.5 micrograms and the dose may be increased by 7.5 micrograms each week for the next three weeks until the recommended dose of 30 micrograms is achieved.<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Unknown<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Relapsing forms of MS, to slow the accumulation of physical disability and decrease the frequency of clinical exacerbations<br />
<strong>2013 Sales: $3 billion</strong><sup>8</sup></div>
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#1. Copaxone (glatiramer acetate)</h3>
<strong>Sponsor/Developer:</strong> Teva<br />
<strong>Dosage strength, form, and frequency:</strong> 20 mg/mL daily by injection; 40 mg/mL three times per week by injection (9)<br />
<strong>Mechanism of action:</strong> Not fully understood; believed to act by modifying immune processes that are believed to be responsible for the pathogenesis of MS.<br />
<strong>Indication:</strong> Relapsing forms of MS<br />
<strong>2013 sales: $4.328 billion</strong></div>
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Top 10 Multiple Sclerosis Drugs.

Following is a list of 10 FDA-approved drugs for patients with multiple sclerosis—nine of 10 disease-modifying agents aut...

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) symptoms,causes and treatment.

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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Polycystic ovary syndrome (say
"pah-lee-SIS-tik OH-vuh-ree SIN-drohm") is a problem in which a
woman's hormones are out of balance </span>It can cause
problems with your periods and make it difficult to <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">get
pregnant</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. PCOS also may
cause unwanted changes in the way you look. If it isn't treated, over time it
can lead to serious health problems, such as </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">diabetes</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">heart disease</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                                   </span></div>
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<b><i><span style="background: white; color: #1f497d; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">Symptoms</span><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Symptoms tend to be mild
at first. You may have only a few symptoms or a lot of them. The most common
symptoms are:</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        * </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Acne.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        * </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Weight<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>gain and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>trouble losing weight.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        * </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Extra<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>hair<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>on the face and body. Often women get
thicker and darker facial hair and more hair on the chest, belly, and back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         *</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Thinning hair on the scalp.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         *</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Irregular periods. Often women with PCOS have fewer than nine
periods a year. Some women have no periods. Others have very heavy bleeding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         *</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Fertility problems. Many women who have PCOS have trouble getting
pregnant<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(infertility).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Depression. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Causes<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">The cause of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>polycystic ovary syndrome<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(PCOS) is not fully understood, but
genetics may be a factor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">PCOS
problems are caused by hormone changes. One hormone change triggers another,
which changes another.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Home Treatment<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Home treatment can help you
manage the symptoms of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>polycystic
ovary syndrome<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(PCOS) and live a
healthy life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="1"></a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.5pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Healthy
eating and exercise<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.8pt; margin: 1.75pt 0in 5.75pt;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Eat a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>balanced
diet.</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">A diet
that includes lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy
products supplies your body's nutritional needs, satisfies your hunger, and
decreases your cravings. And a healthy diet makes you feel better and have more
energy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">You may see a registered
dietitian who has special knowledge about diabetes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.8pt; margin-bottom: 5.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 1.75pt;">
<b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Make</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></b></span><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">physical activity</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></b></span><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">a regular and essential part of your life.</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Choose</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">fitness activities</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">that are
right for you to help boost your motivation. Walking is one of the best
activities. Having a walking or</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">exercise</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">partner
that you can count on can also be a great way to stay active. For more
information, see the topic</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Fitness<span style="color: #222222;">.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.5pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Don't smoke<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.8pt; margin: 1.75pt 0in 5.75pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">If you smoke, consider quitting. Women who smoke have higher
levels of androgens than women who don't smoke.Smoking<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>also increases the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>risk for heart disease. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) symptoms,causes and treatment.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (say "pah-lee-SIS-tik OH-vuh-ree SIN-drohm") is a problem in which a woman's hormones are out of b...

Endometriosis Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

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<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Endometriosis Causes, Symptoms & Treatments<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Endometriosis is a
medical condition that occurs when the lining of the uterus, called the
endometrium, grows in other places, such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries or
along the pelvis. When that lining breaks down, like the regular lining in the
uterus that produces the menstruation, it has nowhere to go. This causes cysts,
heavy periods, severe cramps and even infertility. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">About 5 million women
in the United States have endometriosis, but the true number of cases may be
much higher, because not all women with the condition have symptoms, according
to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">The endometrial tissue
may also grow in the vagina, cervix, bowel or bladder, and in rare cases it may
spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">                                                                       </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.informationkit.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEd2GFbp6d6uHfdDRCPZkCippoJxsSN07mO3bu6MK5778P2i-PGOmHE7dPp-1EgBJILGQcTZ5bmP6hlFEC5S88fE5SVxH_eg2YvE5Ob1UxRaLhfXndgOF6yl_JjUKJWNSXIQQIZ6MUKUAR/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #666666; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Causes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The endometrium is the inner layer of uterine tissue that is shed
during menstruation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The thickness of the endometrial layer is related to the
egg-producing (ovulatory) cycle and the hormonal levels that regulate this
cycle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The endometrium is at its thinnest immediately following
menstruation and thickens during the first two weeks of the menstrual cyle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Once the release of the egg (<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">ovulation</span>)
has occurred, the endometrial tissue becomes rich in glands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">The whole process prepares the uterus for the attachment of a
fertilized egg. If implantation does not occur, the endometrial layer is shed,
and bleeding, known as menstruation (a period), begins.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Endometriosis occurs when growth of this endometrial tissue
develops outside the uterus. This growth usually occurs within the pelvic
region on the ovaries and other pelvic structures, such as the bladder and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">colon</span>, but it may also occur within the
abdominal cavity.</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #666666; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Symptoms</span></b><span style="color: #666666; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 12.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">The most common symptom of endometriosis is
cramping during menstruation, which can get worse over time, and can be
debilitating. The pain is due to internal bleeding from the lining being shed
inside the body — in a place where it doesn’t belong — and can also lead to
scar tissue formation, blocked fallopian tubes, and bowel problems, according
to the Office on Women's Health.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 12.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Although many women
experience some pain during their periods, women with endometriosis often say
their menstrual pain is much worse than usual, and increases over time,
according to the Mayo Clinic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #666666; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Treatment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 12.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Treatment for endometriosis can involve pain
medication (for the severe cramping), hormone therapy to slow growth of the
endometrial tissue and surgery to remove the tissue, according to the
NICHD. A number of factors go into determining a woman's treatment, including
her age, the severity of her symptoms, and whether the patient wants to become
pregnant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 12.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">For women who are not
trying to become pregnant, hormonal birth control pills are usually the first
step in treatment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 12.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">For women who are
trying to become pregnant, treatment may involve gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) agonist, which stops ovulation, according to the Office on Women's
Health. This treatment is usually recommended for only six months at a time,
and pregnancy is possible once treatment is stopped, according to the NICHD.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 12.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">For women whose
symptoms are not relieved by medication, surgery is another treatment option.
Laparoscopy and laparotomy are common forms of surgery used to treat
endometriosis. They require going in through the abdominal region to remove the
endometrial tissue. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 12.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Most women experience
relief from pain after surgery, but the pain may come back within two years,
according to ACOG. Birth-control pills and other medications may be used along
with surgery to help extend the pain-free period, ACOG says.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Endometriosis Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Endometriosis Causes, Symptoms & Treatments Endometriosis is a medical condition that occurs when the lining of the uterus, called t...

Epilepsy,Causes,Symptoms & Treatment.

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<b><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Epilepsy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Epilepsy is a brain disorder
in which a person has repeated seizures (convulsions) over time. Seizures are
episodes of disturbed brain activity that cause changes in attention or
behavior.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Causes of
Epilepsy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We know epilepsy can
be passed on genetically, but we don't really understand what's different in
the brain of a person with an inherited form of epilepsy.</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We also don't fully understand what happens to
the brain during a seizure. Many people find that particular events tend to
trigger seizures. These include:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">alcohol, cocaine and
some other drugs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">exposure to flashing
or strobe lights<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hormonal changes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hyperventilation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 6.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">insufficient sleep<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Symptoms<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.2pt; margin: 1.75pt 0in 2.9pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people may have simple
staring spells, while others have violent shaking and loss of alertness. The
type of seizure depends on the part of the brain affected and cause of
epilepsy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.2pt; margin: 1.75pt 0in 2.9pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Most of the time, the seizure is similar to the previous one.
Some people with epilepsy have a strange sensation (such as tingling, smelling
an odor that isn't actually there, or emotional changes) before each seizure.
This is called an aura.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: 2.9pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 2.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></h3>
<h3 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 2.9pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 2.9pt; mso-line-height-alt: 9.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Treatment
<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.2pt; margin: 1.75pt 0in 2.9pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Treatment for epilepsy may involve surgery or medication.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.2pt; margin: 1.75pt 0in 2.9pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">If epilepsy seizures are due to a tumor, abnormal blood vessels,
or bleeding in the brain, surgery to treat these disorders may make the
seizures stop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.2pt; margin: 1.75pt 0in 2.9pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Medication to prevent seizures, called anticonvulsants, may
reduce the number of future seizures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">These drugs are taken by mouth. Which type you are prescribed
depends on the type of seizures you have.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Your dosage may need to be changed from time to time. You may
need regular blood tests to check for side effects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Always take your medication on time and as directed. Missing a
dose can cause you to have a seizure. Never not stop taking or change
medications without talking to your doctor first.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Many epilepsy medications cause birth defects. Women wishing to
become pregnant should tell the doctor in advance in order to adjust
medications.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.2pt; margin: 1.75pt 0in 2.9pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Epilepsy that does not get better after two or three
anti-seizure drugs have been tried is called "medically refractory
epilepsy."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Surgery to remove the abnormal brain cells causing the seizures
may be helpful for some patients.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt;">Surgery to place a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) may be
recommended. This device is similar to a heart pacemaker. It can help reduce
the number of seizures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 10.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>

Epilepsy,Causes,Symptoms & Treatment.

Epilepsy Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures (convulsions) over time. Seizures are episodes of disturbe...

Anemia,Causes,Symptoms & Self-Care

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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOv4fwiqPmWkP-b4RuUhKnQs_CRtYq_8gmzV_3N2g9XER46IujD9oWEu3Q9wto_MXPMim6vmeCCp-InHqkncNX7o610JhBrWZZIJlQU3xcq-afWWv5NRnT31DBdEkfkiRb20vPAY0XX-tb/s1600/red_blood_cells.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOv4fwiqPmWkP-b4RuUhKnQs_CRtYq_8gmzV_3N2g9XER46IujD9oWEu3Q9wto_MXPMim6vmeCCp-InHqkncNX7o610JhBrWZZIJlQU3xcq-afWWv5NRnT31DBdEkfkiRb20vPAY0XX-tb/s400/red_blood_cells.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What Is Anemia?</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood lacks
enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a main part of red
blood cells and binds oxygen. If you have too few or abnormal red blood cells,
or your hemoglobin is abnormal or low, the cells in your body will not get
enough oxygen. Symptoms of anemia -- like fatigue -- occur because organs
aren't getting what they need to function properly.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anemia is the most common blood condition in the U.S. It
affects about 3.5 million Americans. Women, young children, and people with
chronic diseases are at increased risk of anemia. Important factors to remember
are:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Certain forms of anemia are hereditary and infants may be
affected from the time of birth.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Women in the childbearing years are particularly susceptible
to iron-deficiency anemia because of the blood loss from menstruation and the
increased blood supply demands during pregnancy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Older adults also may have a greater risk of developing
anemia because of poor diet and other medical conditions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are many types of anemia. All are very different in
their causes and treatments. Iron-deficiency anemia, the most common type, is
very treatable with diet changes and iron supplements. Some forms of anemia --
like the anemia that develops during pregnancy -- are even considered normal.
However, some types of anemia may present lifelong health problems.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2;">What
Causes Anemia?</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are more than 400 types of anemia, which are divided
into three groups:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anemia caused by blood loss</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anemia caused by decreased or faulty red blood cell
production</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anemia Caused by Blood Loss</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Red blood cells can be lost through bleeding, which often
can occur slowly over a long period of time, and can go undetected. This kind
of chronic bleeding commonly results from the following:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcers, hemorrhoids,
gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), and cancer</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as
aspirinor ibuprofen, which can cause ulcers and gastritis</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Menstruation and childbirth in women, especially if
menstrual bleeding is excessive and if there are multiple pregnancies.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b><span style="color: #002060; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Symptoms of Anemia</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
fatigue;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
decreased energy;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
weakness;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
shortness of breath;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
lightheadedness;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
palpitations (feeling of the heart racing or beating
irregularly); and</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
looking pale.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Symptoms of severe anemia may include:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
chest pain, angina, or heart attack;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
dizziness;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
fainting or passing out; and</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
rapid heart rate.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some of the signs that may indicate anemia in an individual
may include:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Change in stool color, including black and tarry stools
(sticky and foul smelling), maroon-colored, or visibly bloody stools if the
anemia is due to blood loss through the gastrointestinal tract;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
rapid heart rate;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
low blood pressure;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
rapid breathing;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
pale or cold skin;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
yellow skin called jaundice if anemia is due to red blood
cell breakdown;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
heart murmur; and</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
enlargement of the spleen with certain causes of anemia.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b><span style="color: #ff1919; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Anemia Self-Care at
Home</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Very little can be done to self-treat anemia and medical
treatment is generally needed. It is important to continue to take any
medication that is prescribed for other chronic (long-lasting) medical
problems. If the reason for anemia is known, then measures to keep it under
control are very important. For example, if anemia is caused by a stomach
ulcer, then medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen should be avoided, unless
otherwise directed by a doctor.</div>
<br /></div>

Anemia,Causes,Symptoms & Self-Care

What Is Anemia? Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglob...

Dengue Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A local
and world environmental change allows mosquitoes to survive in winter months.
These mosquitoes habitat areas leading to many seasonal fevers like Dengue
fever, <span style="color: #7100e2; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Malaria</span>, <span style="color: #7100e2; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Typhoid</span>.
Dengue is the most leading public health problem. It outbreaks Dengue fever is
also known as break bone fever or mosquito borne disease. It is mainly caused
by the virus called dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected with the
virus and bites a person. In mild cases it causes fever, rash and muscle and
joint pains. Severe cases dengue hemorrhagic fever causing severe bleeding.
Million cases are reported worldwide every year. Numbers of cases of dengue are
increasing annually. About 528 million people are infected yearly.</span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
major symptom is leakage of blood plasma out of the capillaries. This leakage
occurs 24 to 48 hours after the patient fever drops, This is the critical
phase. In people with severe dengue the escape of the plasma from the
circulatory system can cause fluids to collect in body cavities. It is detected
that plasma leakage by observing a higher than normal concentration of red
blood cells and an abnormally low protein level in the blood. Another sign of
severe dengue is severe bleeding. In some cases, stomach and intestinal
bleeding can cause death. In some other cases patients have a tendency to
experience changes in blood pressure and pulse rate.</span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Most
patients recover from severe dengue with intravenous fluid
replacement. The loss of plasma and protein can cause the patient to
experience a condition called shock and causes circulatory failure. The
lack of blood circulation causes the patient to have cold, clammy, bluish skin.
Severe dengue can also lead to respiratory distress and injury of other organs.
If untreated this leads to death within 24 hours, but if treated quickly with
intravenous fluid replacement patients can recover.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contents <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">1 Dengue
fever causes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">2 How
dengue fever spreads?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">3 Dengue
fever symptoms<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">4 Dengue
fever tests<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">5 Dengue
fever treatment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">6 Dengue
fever home remedies<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">7 Dengue
fever prevention<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: black;">8 Conclusion</span><span style="color: #7a7a7a;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 2.4pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt;">Dengue fever causes</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3 style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 15.75pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Dengue
virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes particularly. They
typically bite during the day particularly in the early morning and in the
evening. Other Aedes species that transmit the disease
include humans as primary host. An infection can be acquired with a
single bite. A mosquito gets infected from a person infected with dengue
fever and gets infected with the virus. The wild aedes aegypti bites virus
infected person it ingests blood with dengue virus and gets infected within
8-10 days. This infected mosquito bites another person and gets dengue in 4-13
days. It can’t be spread directly from one person to another person.</span></h3>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 2.4pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt;">How dengue fever spreads?<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3 style="background: white; margin-left: 19.85pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">It spreads through blood transfusions<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">It spread through organ transplantation.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 2.4pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt;">Dengue fever symptoms</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 15.75pt;">
<span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">The
symptoms usually begin in 4-10 days after the infected mosquito bites. These
include<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 19.85pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Sudden high
fever</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Severe
headache</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Severe muscle
and joint pain</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Pain
behind eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Skin
rashes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Vomiting</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Bleeding
from mouth and nose.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 2.4pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt;">Dengue fever tests</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3 style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 15.75pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">The
doctor will take into account all the symptoms to properly diagnose whether you
have dengue. Some tests may be ordered to determine whether it is a dengue
infection. They will need to know travel history and medical history
especially if it involves mosquito exposure.</span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Blood
tests – There are different number of ways to find dengue virus. This is
directly detected with blood tests which identify antibodies and antigens the
test include ELISA ( enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay), HL assay
(hemagglutination inhibition assay), RTPCR ( reverse transcriptase polymerase
chain reaction).</span></h3>
<h2 style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 3pt 0in 2.4pt; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;">
<span id="Dengue_fever_treatment" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt;">Dengue fever treatment</span></span><span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3 style="background: white; margin-left: 19.85pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">There is
no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have
dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and
avoid medicines with aspirin. You should also rest, drink plenty of fluids. If
you have severe dengue fever you may need</span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Supportive care in a hospital.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Intravenous (IV) fluid and electrolyte replacement.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Blood pressure monitoring.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Transfusion to replace blood loss.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 2.4pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt;">Dengue fever home remedies</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3 style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 15.75pt; text-align: left;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Papaya leaves juice</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">– Papaya juice is a natural cure for
dengue fever.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Orange juice</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">– 
Fresh orange juice which is filled with vitamins helps in digestion and promote
antibodies for a speedy recovery.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Coriander juice</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">– The juice made of coriander leaves
can be taken in the form of a tonic to reduce the fevers in dengue.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Basil leaves (tulsi)</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">– Boiled tulsi and serve in a warm
water, drink during the early stages. It can help to prevent an outbreak of
dengue. This bitter and pungent herb has all the properties that strengthen the
internal system against fever.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h2 style="background: white; margin: 3pt 0in 2.4pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt;">Dengue fever prevention</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3 style="background: white; margin-left: 19.85pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">There is
no vaccine to prevent dengue fever. The best way to prevent the disease is
to prevent bites by infected mosquitoes.</span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Stay away from heavily populated residential areas<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Use mosquito repellents even indoors.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Make sure window and door screens are free of holes.<br /><o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">        
</span></span><span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Use mosquito nets<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h2 style="background: white; margin-bottom: 2.4pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="color: #00a574; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.6pt;">Conclusion</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3 style="background: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in 0in 15.75pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #7a7a7a; font-family: "open sans" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Dengue
fever is a seasonal disease which is caused due to infectious virus. Good
sanitation is the only way to prevent this disease.</span></h3>
<br />
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<br /></div>
</div>

Dengue Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

A local and world environmental change allows mosquitoes to survive in winter months. These mosquitoes habitat areas leading to many seaso...

Cross your hands to stop the pain.

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According to newly published research by British scientists, if you cross your arms across your body, you will confuse your brain and it will lessen the intensity of pain. Scientists at the University of London say the reason for this phenomenon is in a conflict of information between the two brain maps, maps for the body and folders to an external space.<br />
<br />
Giandomenico Iannettija from the part of Physiology said that in everyday life, we are mostly using the left hand to touch the items on the left and right for the items on the right. In his words, brain areas that contained a map of the right body and right of the map outside world usually are activated together, resulting in effective treatment of pain.<br />
<br />
When you cross your hand, these maps are no longer activated together, and that leads to reducing efficiency of brain processing of sensory stimuli, including pain.<br />
<br />
The scientists used a laser in a study and on a hand of eight participants in the study generated the sting of four milliseconds. This is the so-called clean pain inflicted without touching.<br />
<br />
The process is then repeated, and participants had crossed hands. The results showed that the perception of pain is milder if the hands are crossed. Iannetti also said that maybe we, when we are in pain had to cross our arms in order to feel less pain.<br />
<br />
The researchers hope that their discovery could help in developing new drugs and therapies to reduce pain, which would be based on brain maps of the body.</div>
</div>

Cross your hands to stop the pain.

According to newly published research by British scientists, if you cross your arms across your body, you will confuse your brain and it...

Type 2 Diabetes and 6 Tips to Get Your Diabetes Under Control.

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Learn about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of type 2 diabetes.</div>
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What Is Type 2 Diabetes?</h2>
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Type 2 Diabetes Overview</div>
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Type 2 diabetes, once called non-insulin dependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 90% to 95% of the 26 million Americans with diabetes.</div>
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Type 2 Diabetes in Children</div>
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Just a few years ago, it was rare to hear about a child with type 2 diabetes. It used to be thought that if diabetes occurred in childhood, it was type 1, or juvenile-onset, diabetes. Not anymore.</div>
<div class="chapterTitle_fmt" style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-weight: bold;">
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes</div>
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Type 2 diabetes can cause serious health complications. That's why is very important to know how to spot type 2 diabetes symptoms.</div>
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Causes of Type 2 Diabetes</div>
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Diabetes is a number of diseases that involve problems with the hormone insulin. While not everyone with type 2 diabetes is overweight, obesity and lack of physical activity are two of the most common causes of this form of diabetes.</div>
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Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors</div>
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Do you have health risk factors for type 2 diabetes?</div>
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Type 2 Diabetes Prevention</div>
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Type 2 diabetes prevention is possible by adopting some healthy lifestyle habits and paying attention to specific preventable diabetes complications associated with this disease.</div>
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A Healthy Type 2 Diabetes Diet</div>
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Maintaining a healthy diet is important for everyone, but it is especially important for people with diabetes.</div>
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Type 2 Diabetes and Exercise</div>
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Exercise is very important in managing type 2 diabetes. Combining diet, exercise, and medicine (when prescribed) can help control your weight and blood sugar level.</div>
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Before You Exercise with Diabetes</div>
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Check this list before you implement your exercise plan.</div>
</div>
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Diagnosis and Tests</h2>
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Type 2 Diabetes Screening</div>
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Type 2 diabetes is a common and serious disease in the United States and worldwide. However, it’s thought that one-third of those with type 2 diabetes are unaware that they have this serious illness.</div>
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Diabetes Testing</div>
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If you experience symptoms of severe increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, tingling of your hands or feet -- your doctor may run a test for diabetes. </div>
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Oral Glucose Tolerance Test</div>
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Though not routinely used anymore, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the gold standard for making the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.</div>
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The Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Test for Diabetes</div>
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The hemoglobin A1c test -- also called HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin test, or glycohemoglobin -- is an important blood test used to determine how well your diabetes is being controlled.</div>
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Treatments</h2>
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Weight Loss Surgery and Type 2 Diabetes</div>
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Increasingly, weight loss surgery is being used as a tool to manage type 2 diabetes. That's because controlling diabetes and managing the related health risks is directly related to losing weight.</div>
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Natural Remedies for Type 2 Diabetes</div>
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Diabetes treatment can include many elements, including traditional medications, alternative medicine, and natural remedies.</div>
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Non-Insulin Diabetes Injectables</div>
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Today, metformin is the first drug doctors usually recommend for people with type 2 diabetes who need to take medication.</div>
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Oral Diabetes Medications</div>
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Oral diabetes medications -- diabetes pills -- help control blood sugar levels in people whose bodies still produce some insulin (the majority of people with type 2 diabetes).</div>
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Your Diabetes Care Team</div>
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If you have diabetes, you likely have a care team that includes a primary care doctor, dietitian, diabetes educator, eye doctor, foot doctor, dentist, and possibly an exercise trainer.</div>
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Insulin</h2>
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Diabetes Treatment With Insulin</div>
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When used as a medication, it is derived from either pork (porcine), beef (no longer available in the U.S.), or is genetically made to be identical to human insulin.</div>
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Inhaled Insulin</div>
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Inhaled insulin is another option that’s been considered. Although it’s possible to make inhaled insulin, there are no inhaled insulin drugs on the market.</div>
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Giving Yourself an Insulin Shot for Diabetes</div>
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For those with diabetes, an insulin shot delivers medicine into your subcutaneous tissue -- the tissue between your skin and muscle.</div>
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Diabetic Shock and Insulin Reactions</div>
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The symptoms of diabetic shock may seem mild at first. But they should not be ignored.</div>
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Type 2 Diabetes and the Insulin Pump</div>
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If you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin, you may want to ask your doctor about the insulin pump.</div>
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Complications</h2>
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Type 2 Diabetes and Sleep</div>
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People who have diabetes often have poor sleep habits, including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.</div>
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Diabetic Coma in Type 2 Diabetes</div>
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Diabetic coma -- also known as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome -- is a serious complication that can happen to a person with diabetes who is ill or whose body is stressed.</div>
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Diabetes, Insulin Overdose, and Other Complications</div>
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Cold sweats, trembling hands, intense anxiety, a general sense of confusion -- no, it's not the night before final exams. These are the signs of low blood sugar or hypoglycemia.</div>
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Diabetes and Heart Disease</div>
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If you have diabetes, it's important to understand your heart disease risk and what you can do to lower it.</div>
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Stroke and Diabetes</div>
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If you have diabetes, it’s important to understand your increased risk of stroke.</div>
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Diabetes and Infection</div>
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Diabetes can slow down your body's ability to fight infection. High blood sugar (glucose) leads to high levels of sugar in your body's tissues, allowing bacteria to grow and infections to develop more quickly.</div>
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Diabetic Nephropathy</div>
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Diabetic nephropathy -- kidney disease that results from diabetes -- is the number one cause of kidney failure. Almost a third of people with diabetes develop diabetic nephropathy.</div>
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Diabetes and Inflammation</div>
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Inactivity and obestiy increase the risk for diabetes, but exactly how is unclear. Recent research suggests that inflammation inside the body plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.</div>
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<i><u>6 Tips To Get Your Diabetes Under Control.</u></i></h2>
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Living well with type 2 diabetes means making certain precautions part of your routine, says Amy Campbell, MS, RD, CDE, manager of clinical education programs at Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston. She offers this advice.</div>
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<i><b><u>Make a date with a dietitian</u></b></i>. "It's a myth that there's a one-size-fits-all diabetes diet," Campbell says. A dietitian can help you develop an eating plan that's right for your age, weight, activity level, and medications, and can also set daily calorie and carbohydrate targets. You'll probably meet several times at first; after that, once a year.</div>
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<i><u><b>Check your feet daily.</b></u></i> High blood sugar levels can damage nerves in your feet, leaving you unable to feel cuts, blisters, and other injuries. High blood sugar also increases your risk of infection, allowing a simple blister to develop into a grave problem in a matter of days. Amputation is a real danger, Campbell says. Can't reach your feet? Ask a family member or friend to give them a daily once-over, or use a mirror. Call your doctor immediately if you spot redness, cuts, blisters, or swelling.</div>
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<i><b><u>Keep moving.</u></b></i> People with type 2 diabetes are often insulin resistant, meaning their bodies don't use insulin properly and they need extra insulin to allow their cells to take in sugar from their blood.Exercise appears to increase insulin sensitivity, improving glucose uptake to your body's cells.</div>
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Aim to be active 30 minutes a day, at least five days a week. Any activity that raises your heart rate enough to make it slightly difficult to talk (brisk walking, taking the stairs, vacuuming vigorously) counts toward your daily total. The benefits are real: Shed just 5% to 10% of your body weight to dramatically improve glucose control, Campbell says.</div>
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<u><i><b>See clearly.</b></i></u> Make an annual appointment for a dilated-eye exam with an ophthalmologist or an optometrist experienced in treating people with diabetes. Dilation allows the doctor to look for diseases such as retinopathy, one of the most common complications of diabetes. "'It used to spell blindness for people, but we now have laser surgery and other ways to prevent it," Campbell says.</div>
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<u><i><b>Take your best shot.</b></i></u> Get a flu shot every fall. People with diabetes are prone to complications if they get the flu. "They're more likely to be hospitalized for the flu than people who aren't diabetic," Campbell says. The flu can also cause blood sugar levels to skyrocket, which may trigger severe complications and slow healing. For added protection, Campbell recommends a pneumonia vaccine. Ask your doctor if you should get one.</div>
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<i>Quit smoking </i>. Smoking is especially harmful for people with type 2 diabetes. Smoking appears to increase insulin resistance and also causes blood vessels to narrow, limiting circulation to your legs and feet. Your doctor can help you make a plan to quit.</div>
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Know Your Type 2 Numbers</h3>
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In addition to recording daily blood sugar levels, be sure to track other numbers, which tell you how well your treatment plan is working.</div>
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<i>A1C</i> This number measures your average blood glucose level over the previous two to three months. Aim for a number under 7%, and have your A1C tested at least twice a year.</div>
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<i>Lipid levels</i> Your cholesterol and triglyceride numbers offer valuable insights into heart health, which is critical because type 2 diabetes increases heart disease risk. Your target numbers and how often you should have these tests vary depending on your individual risk, so ask your doctor.</div>
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<i>Blood pressure </i>High blood pressure (a reading of 140/90 or higher) often goes hand-in-hand with diabetes and increases your risk of heart disease and diabetes complications. Have your blood pressure checked each time you visit the doctor.</div>
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<i>Microalbumin</i> This test checks for small amounts of protein in the urine, which is important for gauging kidney health. If caught early, kidney disease can be controlled by keeping A1C, blood sugar, and blood pressure in their target ranges.</div>
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Expert Tip</h3>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="2" style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 16px; outline: 0px;"></a><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 16px;"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="3" style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 16px; outline: 0px;"></a><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 16px;"></span></div>
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"Sugar-free foods aren't necessarily better. They're often made with sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol and mannitol, which have a laxativeeffect in some people." -- Amy Campbell, MS, RD, CDE.</div>
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Reference: www.webmd.com </div>
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Type 2 Diabetes and 6 Tips to Get Your Diabetes Under Control.

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